International Labour Day, also known as May Day or International Workers’ Day, was commemorated on May 1 with events and demonstrations across the globe, particularly in Europe. The annual occasion honours the historical efforts and victories of workers and labour movements worldwide.
The roots of May Day lie in North America, notably the Haymarket Affair in Chicago in 1886, where a peaceful protest advocating for an eight-hour workday turned violent, resulting in deaths and injuries. This incident led to the call for international demonstrations by the Second International in Paris four years later. By the close of the 19th century, many countries had adopted May Day as a day to celebrate workers' rights.
In Paris, over 10,000 people joined in rallies organised by trade unions to demand better wages, job protections, and improved working conditions. Clashes broke out between protesters and police when demonstrators encountered members of the Socialist Party, including MP Jérôme Guedj, who were asked to leave the rally.
In Spain, Labour Day was marked by competing rallies in Madrid. The far-right party VOX and its union arm, Solidaridad, held a demonstration in Fuenlabrada—a traditionally working-class area. Led by party figurehead Santiago Abascal, they criticised government inaction and the rising cost of living. "Work in Spain is difficult—long hours, low pay. Life is more expensive, and the government does nothing," lamented gardener Andreu Barba.
At the same time, mainstream unions like the UGT and CCOO organized a central Madrid rally demanding shorter work hours and the continuation of labour reforms.
In Greece, thousands gathered in Athens to mark the day, with various unions demonstrating outside the national parliament. Protesters waved flags and voiced discontent with the government. University student Foteini Douli emphasized the significance of remembering the historical fight for labour rights, stating, "We are here to honour Labour Day and the hard-earned achievements like the eight-hour workday and safe conditions."
Across the continent, May Day served as both a commemoration of past labour victories and a reminder of ongoing struggles for economic justice and fair working conditions.
