Mumbai: Fatty liver disease is often linked to obesity, but medical experts say even lean individuals are at risk. According to Dr. Swapnil Sharma, a gastrointestinal surgeon at Wockhardt Hospital, Mumbai, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — now called MASLD (Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) — is more about metabolic health than body weight.
MASLD refers to the buildup of excess fat in liver cells that is not caused by alcohol. While common in overweight people, it can also occur in those with normal or low body weight. “In lean individuals, factors like high sugar intake, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, and even rapid weight loss can cause fatty liver,” says Dr. Sharma.
Genetics also plays a strong role, along with conditions such as diabetes, PCOS, thyroid disorders, and even poor sleep and stress levels. The key issue is not weight alone but overall metabolic function. “Some slim individuals have visceral fat and poor metabolism, both of which can damage liver health,” he explains.
The misconception that only overweight people need to worry about fatty liver often delays diagnosis in lean individuals. Dr. Sharma urges regular health screenings, regardless of body type, to catch early signs of the disease.
To maintain liver health, he recommends:
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains
- Avoiding sugary drinks and processed foods
- Exercising regularly
- Staying hydrated and limiting alcohol
- Getting routine checkups
Fatty liver is a metabolic condition, not a weight-based one. Anyone — regardless of size — can be affected. Experts agree that managing diet, exercise, stress, and sleep is critical to keeping your liver healthy.
